3.2.1. Summary

3 Things I Learned:

1.  Agriculture played a central role in the beginning of the Industrial Revolution.
2.  Richard Trevithick designed the first tramway locomotive.
3.  Thomas Malthus and David Ricardo were both proved wrong by John Maynard Keynes.

2 Things That Interested Me:

1.  During this time period the first worker's unions were developed.
2.  Women were affected by this revolution differently from men because they were given lower paying jobs or became housewives.

1 Question I Still Have:

1.  What exactly caused the changes in the sexual division of labor during this time period?

Spotlight On...

Why Did the Industrial Revolution Begin in Britain?

Britain was the first industrial nation because it was one of the most dominant and most wealthy parts of the country.  The physical environment had a lot to do with the revolution as well.  Britain is an island surrounded by water so that made trade easy because of all of the nice harbors.  The Agricultural Revolution had an impact as well.  New methods of farming were coming about and the number of crops rotated grew each year.   During this time period prices of food and crops were low and so money could be spent on other items such as manufactured goods which only helped the industry more.  Britain also had an effective central bank and credit markets.  These helped Britain become the first industrial nation because it helped Britain show industrial leadership.  Their government encouraged personal initiative and a free market.  Other unique factors are that Britain had many laborers and the number continued to increase.  Those laborers along with cottage workers formed an industrial labor force for capitalist entrepreneurs.  The factor that I think was most important in the reason why Britain was the first industrial nation is the impact of the Agricultural Revolution.  The impact of the Agricultural Revolution is the most important factor because it allowed the people of Britain to spend their money on other items than food.  Those other items were manufactured items such as toys, leather shoes, a doll and other household items.  Spending money on these items only helped the industry to progress faster than in other countries that spent most of their money buying food.

Two US Events That Occured During the Industrial Revolution

Fugitive Slave Act of 1793:

The Fugitive Slave Act of 1793 was an effort to enforce the constitutional clause concerning escaped slaves.  It allowed a slave owner to seize an escaped, slave present the slave before a federal or local judge, and after proof of ownership, receive a certificate authorizing the slave to be retaken.  Also, a person found hiding a fugitive slave was fined large amounts of money.  To some people who were against slavery, this act was only seen as a way for slave owners to take away the freedom of freed blacks. The people involved in this event was the U.S. Congress because they approved and passed this act.  This event can be connected across time because even though we no longer have slavery, there is still racial discrimination seen throughout the United States in the work field, schools and just everyday life.



(in this picture, four white men are capturing a black man/slave)





Bill of Rights Adopted in 1789:

The Bill of Rights were the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution. They were introduced to the United States Congress by James Madison.  These amendments however did not come into affect until 1791 through the process of ratification by three-fourths of the States. The Bill of Rights is a series of limitations on the power of the United States federal government, protecting the natural rights of liberty and property including freedom of speech, a free press, free assembly, and free association, as well as the right to keep and bear arms.  The Bill of Rights clarifies for the people any rights not specifically mentioned in the Constitution.  A connection can be made across time because the Bill of Rights play a key role in American Government today and is a symbol of freedems the people have in the United States.

Three Significant People involved with the Industrial Revolution

Richard Arkwright:

Arkwright is significant to the Industrial Revolution because of his invention of another kind of spinning machine called the Water Frame.  It provided an explosion in the infant cotton textile industry.  His improvement on the spinning machine along with the improvements made by Samuel Crompton and Edmund Cartwright led to the creation of the world's first modern factories in the British cotton textile industry.

James Watt:

James Watt is significant to the revolution because of his critical study of Thomas Savery and Thomas Newcomen's steam engines.  He saw that the engine's waste of energy could be reduced by adding a seperate condenser and that improvement to the steam engine greatly increased  its efficiency.  The steam engine was an important factor for trade and transportation.

ThomasMalthus:

Thomas Malthus is significant to the Revolution becuase of the book he wrote, "Essay on the Principle of Population."  This book gave people a different look on society while he argued that population would always tend to grow faster than the food supply.  He felt that men and women had to limit the growth of population and marry later in life. 

Chapter 22: The Revolution in Energy and Industry

Introduction:

This chapter talks about the important aspects of the Industrial Revolution such as why it started in Great Britain, what was significant about when it started and what caused the Revolution to start in Britain.  Some of those causes were agricultural improvements, manufactured goods, banking systems and free trade.  The chapter also discusses how the demand for textiles led to improved spinning machines and how the energy chrisis led to new production methods such as the use of coal.  We also learn of the creation of the steam engine, railroads and tramway locomotives.  The chapter then goes on to discuss how these new industrial methods spread throughout all of Europe, how it affects the working class, the development of unions and the issue of equality among men and women. 

Chapter Objective:

What i hope to accomplish in this chapter is to demonstrate the changes the Industrial Revolution brought on the society and the significance of the revolution's origin. 

Essential Question:

What were the two major changes that came out of the Industrial Revolution?

ANSWER!!!!!!!

1.) Work by hand is now done by machines.
2.) Work at home is now done in factories.